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Plugin Development

Plugins Overview​

A Rollup plugin is an object with one or more of the properties, build hooks, and output generation hooks described below, and which follows our conventions. A plugin should be distributed as a package which exports a function that can be called with plugin specific options and returns such an object.

Plugins allow you to customise Rollup's behaviour by, for example, transpiling code before bundling, or finding third-party modules in your node_modules folder. For an example on how to use them, see Using plugins.

A List of Plugins may be found at https://github.com/rollup/awesome. If you would like to make a suggestion for a plugin, please submit a Pull Request.

A Simple Example​

The following plugin will intercept any imports of virtual-module without accessing the file system. This is for instance necessary if you want to use Rollup in a browser. It can even be used to replace entry points as shown in the example.

// rollup-plugin-my-example.js
export default function myExample () {
  return {
    name: 'my-example', // this name will show up in warnings and errors
    resolveId ( source ) {
      if (source === 'virtual-module') {
        return source; // this signals that rollup should not ask other plugins or check the file system to find this id
      }
      return null; // other ids should be handled as usually
    },
    load ( id ) {
      if (id === 'virtual-module') {
        return 'export default "This is virtual!"'; // the source code for "virtual-module"
      }
      return null; // other ids should be handled as usually
    }
  };
}

// rollup.config.js
import myExample from './rollup-plugin-my-example.js';
export default ({
  input: 'virtual-module', // resolved by our plugin
  plugins: [myExample()],
  output: [{
    file: 'bundle.js',
    format: 'es'
  }]
});

Conventions​

  • Plugins should have a clear name with rollup-plugin- prefix.
  • Include rollup-plugin keyword in package.json.
  • Plugins should be tested. We recommend mocha or ava which support promises out of the box.
  • Use asynchronous methods when it is possible.
  • Document your plugin in English.
  • Make sure your plugin outputs correct source mappings if appropriate.
  • If your plugin uses 'virtual modules' (e.g. for helper functions), prefix the module ID with \0. This prevents other plugins from trying to process it.

Properties​

name​

Type: string

The name of the plugin, for use in error messages and warnings.

Build Hooks​

To interact with the build process, your plugin object includes 'hooks'. Hooks are functions which are called at various stages of the build. Hooks can affect how a build is run, provide information about a build, or modify a build once complete. There are different kinds of hooks:

  • async: The hook may also return a promise resolving to the same type of value; otherwise, the hook is marked as sync.
  • first: If several plugins implement this hook, the hooks are run sequentially until a hook returns a value other than null or undefined.
  • sequential: If several plugins implement this hook, all of them will be run in the specified plugin order. If a hook is async, subsequent hooks of this kind will wait until the current hook is resolved.
  • parallel: If several plugins implement this hook, all of them will be run in the specified plugin order. If a hook is async, subsequent hooks of this kind will be run in parallel and not wait for the current hook.

Build hooks are run during the build phase, which is triggered by rollup.rollup(inputOptions). They are mainly concerned with locating, providing and transforming input files before they are processed by Rollup. The first hook of the build phase is options, the last one is always buildEnd. Additionally in watch mode, the watchChange hook can be triggered at any time to notify a new run will be triggered once the current run has generated its outputs.

See Output Generation Hooks for hooks that run during the output generation phase to modify the generated output.

buildEnd​

Type: (error?: Error) => void
Kind: async, parallel
Previous Hook: transform, resolveId or resolveDynamicImport.
Next Hook: outputOptions in the output generation phase as this is the last hook of the build phase.

Called when rollup has finished bundling, but before generate or write is called; you can also return a Promise. If an error occurred during the build, it is passed on to this hook.

buildStart​

Type: (options: InputOptions) => void
Kind: async, parallel
Previous Hook: options
Next Hook: resolveId to resolve each entry point in parallel.

Called on each rollup.rollup build. This is the recommended hook to use when you need access to the options passed to rollup.rollup() as it takes the transformations by all options hooks into account and also contains the right default values for unset options.

load​

Type: (id: string) => string | null | { code: string, map?: string | SourceMap, ast? : ESTree.Program, moduleSideEffects?: boolean | null, syntheticNamedExports?: boolean | null }
Kind: async, first
Previous Hook: resolveId or resolveDynamicImport where the loaded id was resolved.
Next Hook: transform to transform the loaded file.

Defines a custom loader. Returning null defers to other load functions (and eventually the default behavior of loading from the file system). To prevent additional parsing overhead in case e.g. this hook already used this.parse to generate an AST for some reason, this hook can optionally return a { code, ast, map } object. The ast must be a standard ESTree AST with start and end properties for each node. If the transformation does not move code, you can preserve existing sourcemaps by setting map to null. Otherwise you might need to generate the source map. See the section on source code transformations.

If false is returned for moduleSideEffects and no other module imports anything from this module, then this module will not be included in the bundle without checking for actual side-effects inside the module. If true is returned, Rollup will use its default algorithm to include all statements in the module that have side-effects (such as modifying a global or exported variable). If null is returned or the flag is omitted, then moduleSideEffects will be determined by the first resolveId hook that resolved this module, the treeshake.moduleSideEffects option, or eventually default to true. The transform hook can override this.

If true is returned for syntheticNamedExports, this module will fallback the resolution of any missing named export to properties of the default export. The transform hook can override this. This option allows to have dynamic named exports that might not be declared in the module, such as in this example:

dep.js: ({syntheticNamedExports: true})

export default {
  foo: 42,
  bar: 'hello'
}

main.js: (entry point)

import { foo, bar } from './dep.js'
console.log(foo, bar);

You can use this.getModuleInfo to find out the previous values of moduleSideEffects and syntheticNamedExports inside this hook.

options​

Type: (options: InputOptions) => InputOptions | null
Kind: sync, sequential
Previous Hook: This is the first hook of the build phase.
Next Hook: buildStart

Replaces or manipulates the options object passed to rollup.rollup. Returning null does not replace anything. If you just need to read the options, it is recommended to use the buildStart hook as that hook has access to the options after the transformations from all options hooks have been taken into account.

This is the only hook that does not have access to most plugin context utility functions as it is run before rollup is fully configured.

resolveDynamicImport​

Type: (specifier: string | ESTree.Node, importer: string) => string | false | null | {id: string, external?: boolean}
Kind: async, first
Previous Hook: transform where the importing file was transformed.
Next Hook: load if the hook resolved with an id that has not yet been loaded, resolveId if the dynamic import contains a string and was not resolved by the hook, otherwise buildEnd.

Defines a custom resolver for dynamic imports. Returning false signals that the import should be kept as it is and not be passed to other resolvers thus making it external. Similar to the resolveId hook, you can also return an object to resolve the import to a different id while marking it as external at the same time.

In case a dynamic import is passed a string as argument, a string returned from this hook will be interpreted as an existing module id while returning null will defer to other resolvers and eventually to resolveId .

In case a dynamic import is not passed a string as argument, this hook gets access to the raw AST nodes to analyze and behaves slightly different in the following ways:

  • If all plugins return null, the import is treated as external without a warning.
  • If a string is returned, this string is not interpreted as a module id but is instead used as a replacement for the import argument. It is the responsibility of the plugin to make sure the generated code is valid.
  • To resolve such an import to an existing module, you can still return an object {id, external}.

Note that the return value of this hook will not be passed to resolveId afterwards; if you need access to the static resolution algorithm, you can use this.resolve(source, importer) on the plugin context.

resolveId​

Type: (source: string, importer: string | undefined) => string | false | null | {id: string, external?: boolean, moduleSideEffects?: boolean | null, syntheticNamedExports?: boolean | null}
Kind: async, first
Previous Hook: buildStart if we are resolving an entry point, transform if we are resolving an import, or as fallback for resolveDynamicImport. Additionally this hook can be triggered during the build phase from plugin hooks by calling this.emitFile to emit an entry point or at any time by calling this.resolve to manually resolve an id.
Next Hook: load if the resolved id that has not yet been loaded, otherwise buildEnd.

Defines a custom resolver. A resolver can be useful for e.g. locating third-party dependencies. Returning null defers to other resolveId functions and eventually the default resolution behavior; returning false signals that source should be treated as an external module and not included in the bundle. If this happens for a relative import, the id will be renormalized the same way as when the external option is used.

If you return an object, then it is possible to resolve an import to a different id while excluding it from the bundle at the same time. This allows you to replace dependencies with external dependencies without the need for the user to mark them as "external" manually via the external option:

resolveId(source) {
  if (source === 'my-dependency') {
    return {id: 'my-dependency-develop', external: true};
  }
  return null;
}

Relative ids, i.e. starting with ./ or ../, will not be renormalized when returning an object. If you want this behaviour, return an absolute file system location as id instead.

If false is returned for moduleSideEffects in the first hook that resolves a module id and no other module imports anything from this module, then this module will not be included without checking for actual side-effects inside the module. If true is returned, Rollup will use its default algorithm to include all statements in the module that have side-effects (such as modifying a global or exported variable). If null is returned or the flag is omitted, then moduleSideEffects will be determined by the treeshake.moduleSideEffects option or default to true. The load and transform hooks can override this.

If true is returned for syntheticNamedExports, this module will fallback the resolution of any missing named export to properties of the default export. The load and transform hooks can override this. This option allows to have dynamic named exports that might not be declared in the module, such as in this example:

dep.js: ({syntheticNamedExports: true})

export default {
  foo: 42,
  bar: 'hello'
}

main.js: (entry point)

import { foo, bar } from './dep.js'
console.log(foo, bar);

transform​

Type: (code: string, id: string) => string | null | { code: string, map?: string | SourceMap, ast? : ESTree.Program, moduleSideEffects?: boolean | null, syntheticNamedExports?: boolean | null }
Kind: async, sequential
Previous Hook: load where the currently handled file was loaded.
NextHook: resolveId and resolveDynamicImport to resolve all discovered static and dynamic imports in parallel if present, otherwise buildEnd.

Can be used to transform individual modules. To prevent additional parsing overhead in case e.g. this hook already used this.parse to generate an AST for some reason, this hook can optionally return a { code, ast, map } object. The ast must be a standard ESTree AST with start and end properties for each node. If the transformation does not move code, you can preserve existing sourcemaps by setting map to null. Otherwise you might need to generate the source map. See the section on source code transformations.

Note that in watch mode, the result of this hook is cached when rebuilding and the hook is only triggered again for a module id if either the code of the module has changed or a file has changed that was added via this.addWatchFile the last time the hook was triggered for this module.

If false is returned for moduleSideEffects and no other module imports anything from this module, then this module will not be included without checking for actual side-effects inside the module. If true is returned, Rollup will use its default algorithm to include all statements in the module that have side-effects (such as modifying a global or exported variable). If null is returned or the flag is omitted, then moduleSideEffects will be determined by the first resolveId hook that resolved this module, the treeshake.moduleSideEffects option, or eventually default to true.

If true is returned for syntheticNamedExports, this module will fallback the resolution of any missing named export to properties of the default export. This option allows to have dynamic named exports that might not be declared in the module, such as in this example:

dep.js: ({syntheticNamedExports: true})

export default {
  foo: 42,
  bar: 'hello'
}

main.js: (entry point)

import { foo, bar } from './dep.js'
console.log(foo, bar);

You can use this.getModuleInfo to find out the previous value of moduleSideEffects inside this hook.

watchChange​

Type: (id: string) => void
Kind: sync, sequential
Previous/Next Hook: This hook can be triggered at any time both during the build and the output generation phases. If that is the case, the current build will still proceed but a new build will be scheduled to start once the current build has completed, starting again with options.

Notifies a plugin whenever rollup has detected a change to a monitored file in --watch mode. This hook cannot be used by output plugins.

Output Generation Hooks​

Output generation hooks can provide information about a generated bundle and modify a build once complete. They work the same way and have the same types as Build Hooks but are called separately for each call to bundle.generate(outputOptions) or bundle.write(outputOptions). Plugins that only use output generation hooks can also be passed in via the output options and therefore run only for certain outputs.

The first hook of the output generation phase is outputOptions, the last one is either generateBundle if the output was successfully generated via bundle.generate(...), writeBundle if the output was successfully generated via bundle.write(...), or renderError if an error occurred at any time during the output generation.

augmentChunkHash​

Type: (preRenderedChunk: PreRenderedChunk) => string
Kind: sync, sequential
Previous Hook: renderDynamicImport for each dynamic import expression.
Next Hook: resolveFileUrl for each use of import.meta.ROLLUP_FILE_URL_referenceId and resolveImportMeta for all other accesses to import.meta.

Can be used to augment the hash of individual chunks. Called for each Rollup output chunk. Returning a falsy value will not modify the hash. Truthy values will be passed to hash.update.

The following plugin will invalidate the hash of chunk foo with the timestamp of the last build:

// rollup.config.js
augmentChunkHash(chunkInfo) {
  if(chunkInfo.name === 'foo') {
    return Date.now().toString();
  }
}

Type: string | (() => string)
Kind: async, parallel
Previous Hook: renderStart
Next Hook: renderDynamicImport for each dynamic import expression.

Cf. output.banner/output.footer.

Type: string | (() => string)
Kind: async, parallel
Previous Hook: renderStart
Next Hook: renderDynamicImport for each dynamic import expression.

Cf. output.banner/output.footer.

generateBundle​

Type: (options: OutputOptions, bundle: { [fileName: string]: AssetInfo | ChunkInfo }, isWrite: boolean) => void
Kind: async, sequential
Previous Hook: renderChunk for each chunk.
Next Hook: writeBundle if the output was generated via bundle.write(...), otherwise this is the last hook of the output generation phase and may again be followed by outputOptions if another output is generated.

Called at the end of bundle.generate() or immediately before the files are written in bundle.write(). To modify the files after they have been written, use the writeBundle hook. bundle provides the full list of files being written or generated along with their details:

// AssetInfo
{
  fileName: string,
  source: string | Uint8Array,
  type: 'asset',
}

// ChunkInfo
{
  code: string,
  dynamicImports: string[],
  exports: string[],
  facadeModuleId: string | null,
  fileName: string,
  implicitlyLoadedBefore: string[],
  imports: string[],
  isDynamicEntry: boolean,
  isEntry: boolean,
  isImplicitEntry: boolean,
  map: SourceMap | null,
  modules: {
    [id: string]: {
      renderedExports: string[],
      removedExports: string[],
      renderedLength: number,
      originalLength: number
    },
  },
  name: string,
  type: 'chunk',
}

You can prevent files from being emitted by deleting them from the bundle object in this hook. To emit additional files, use the this.emitFile plugin context function.

intro​

Type: string | (() => string)
Kind: async, parallel
Previous Hook: renderStart
Next Hook: renderDynamicImport for each dynamic import expression.

Cf. output.intro/output.outro.

outputOptions​

Type: (outputOptions: OutputOptions) => OutputOptions | null
Kind: sync, sequential
Previous Hook: buildEnd if this is the first time an output is generated, otherwise either generateBundle, writeBundle or renderError depending on the previously generated output. This is the first hook of the output generation phase.
Next Hook: renderStart.

Replaces or manipulates the output options object passed to bundle.generate() or bundle.write(). Returning null does not replace anything. If you just need to read the output options, it is recommended to use the renderStart hook as this hook has access to the output options after the transformations from all outputOptions hooks have been taken into account.

outro​

Type: string | (() => string)
Kind: async, parallel
Previous Hook: renderStart
Next Hook: renderDynamicImport for each dynamic import expression.

Cf. output.intro/output.outro.

renderChunk​

Type: (code: string, chunk: ChunkInfo, options: OutputOptions) => string | { code: string, map: SourceMap } | null
Kind: async, sequential
Previous Hook: resolveFileUrl for each use of import.meta.ROLLUP_FILE_URL_referenceId and resolveImportMeta for all other accesses to import.meta.
Next Hook: generateBundle.

Can be used to transform individual chunks. Called for each Rollup output chunk file. Returning null will apply no transformations.

renderDynamicImport​

Type: ({format: string, moduleId: string, targetModuleId: string | null, customResolution: string | null}) => {left: string, right: string} | null
Kind: sync, first
Previous Hook: banner, footer, intro, outro.
Next Hook: augmentChunkHash for each chunk that would contain a hash in the file name.

This hook provides fine-grained control over how dynamic imports are rendered by providing replacements for the code to the left (import() and right ()) of the argument of the import expression. Returning null defers to other hooks of this type and ultimately renders a format-specific default.

format is the rendered output format, moduleId the id of the module performing the dynamic import. If the import could be resolved to an internal or external id, then targetModuleId will be set to this id, otherwise it will be null. If the dynamic import contained a non-string expression that was resolved by a resolveDynamicImport hook to a replacement string, then customResolution will contain that string.

The following code will replace all dynamic imports with a custom handler, adding import.meta.url as a second argument to allow the handler to resolve relative imports correctly:

// plugin
const plugin = {
  name: 'dynamic-import-polyfill',
  renderDynamicImport() {
    return {
      left: 'dynamicImportPolyfill(',
      right: ', import.meta.url)'
    }
  }
};

// input
import('./lib.js');

// output
dynamicImportPolyfill('./lib.js', import.meta.url);

The next plugin will make sure all dynamic imports of esm-lib are marked as external and retained as import expressions to e.g. allow a CommonJS build to import an ES module in Node 13+, cf. how to import ES modules from CommonJS in the Node documentation.

// plugin
const plugin = {
  name: 'retain-import-expression',
  resolveDynamicImport(specifier) {
    if (specifier === 'esm-lib') return false;
    return null;
  },
  renderDynamicImport({targetModuleId}) {
    if (targetModuleId === 'esm-lib')
    return {
      left: 'import(',
      right: ')'
    }
  }
};

renderError​

Type: (error: Error) => void
Kind: async, parallel
Previous Hook: Any hook from renderStart to renderChunk.
Next Hook: If it is called, this is the last hook of the output generation phase and may again be followed by outputOptions if another output is generated.

Called when rollup encounters an error during bundle.generate() or bundle.write(). The error is passed to this hook. To get notified when generation completes successfully, use the generateBundle hook.

renderStart​

Type: (outputOptions: OutputOptions, inputOptions: InputOptions) => void
Kind: async, parallel
Previous Hook: outputOptions
Next Hook: banner, footer, intro and outro run in parallel.

Called initially each time bundle.generate() or bundle.write() is called. To get notified when generation has completed, use the generateBundle and renderError hooks. This is the recommended hook to use when you need access to the output options passed to bundle.generate() or bundle.write() as it takes the transformations by all outputOptions hooks into account and also contains the right default values for unset options. It also receives the input options passed to rollup.rollup() so that plugins that can be used as output plugins, i.e. plugins that only use generate phase hooks, can get access to them.

resolveFileUrl​

Type: ({chunkId: string, fileName: string, format: string, moduleId: string, referenceId: string, relativePath: string}) => string | null
Kind: sync, first
Previous Hook: augmentChunkHash for each chunk that would contain a hash in the file name.
Next Hook: renderChunk for each chunk.

Allows to customize how Rollup resolves URLs of files that were emitted by plugins via this.emitFile. By default, Rollup will generate code for import.meta.ROLLUP_FILE_URL_referenceId that should correctly generate absolute URLs of emitted files independent of the output format and the host system where the code is deployed.

For that, all formats except CommonJS and UMD assume that they run in a browser environment where URL and document are available. In case that fails or to generate more optimized code, this hook can be used to customize this behaviour. To do that, the following information is available:

  • chunkId: The id of the chunk this file is referenced from.
  • fileName: The path and file name of the emitted asset, relative to output.dir without a leading ./.
  • format: The rendered output format.
  • moduleId: The id of the original module this file is referenced from. Useful for conditionally resolving certain assets differently.
  • referenceId: The reference id of the file.
  • relativePath: The path and file name of the emitted file, relative to the chunk the file is referenced from. This will path will contain no leading ./ but may contain a leading ../.

Note that since this hook has access to the filename of the current chunk, its return value will not be considered when generating the hash of this chunk.

The following plugin will always resolve all files relative to the current document:

// rollup.config.js
resolveFileUrl({fileName}) {
  return `new URL('${fileName}', document.baseURI).href`;
}

resolveImportMeta​

Type: (property: string | null, {chunkId: string, moduleId: string, format: string}) => string | null
Kind: sync, first
Previous Hook: augmentChunkHash for each chunk that would contain a hash in the file name.
Next Hook: renderChunk for each chunk.

Allows to customize how Rollup handles import.meta and import.meta.someProperty, in particular import.meta.url. In ES modules, import.meta is an object and import.meta.url contains the URL of the current module, e.g. http://server.net/bundle.js for browsers or file:///path/to/bundle.js in Node.

By default for formats other than ES modules, Rollup replaces import.meta.url with code that attempts to match this behaviour by returning the dynamic URL of the current chunk. Note that all formats except CommonJS and UMD assume that they run in a browser environment where URL and document are available. For other properties, import.meta.someProperty is replaced with undefined while import.meta is replaced with an object containing a url property.

This behaviour can be changed—also for ES modules—via this hook. For each occurrence of import.meta<.someProperty>, this hook is called with the name of the property or null if import.meta is accessed directly. For example, the following code will resolve import.meta.url using the relative path of the original module to the current working directory and again resolve this path against the base URL of the current document at runtime:

// rollup.config.js
resolveImportMeta(property, {moduleId}) {
  if (property === 'url') {
    return `new URL('${path.relative(process.cwd(), moduleId)}', document.baseURI).href`;
  }
  return null;
}

Note that since this hook has access to the filename of the current chunk, its return value will not be considered when generating the hash of this chunk.

writeBundle​

Type: (options: OutputOptions, bundle: { [fileName: string]: AssetInfo | ChunkInfo }) => void
Kind: async, parallel
Previous Hook: generateBundle
Next Hook: If it is called, this is the last hook of the output generation phase and may again be followed by outputOptions if another output is generated.

Called only at the end of bundle.write() once all files have been written. Similar to the generateBundle hook, bundle provides the full list of files being written along with their details.

Deprecated Hooks​

☢️ These hooks have been deprecated and may be removed in a future Rollup version.

  • resolveAssetUrl - Use resolveFileUrl - Function hook that allows to customize the generated code for asset URLs.

More properties may be supported in the future, as and when they prove necessary.

Plugin Context​

A number of utility functions and informational bits can be accessed from within most hooks via this:

this.addWatchFile(id: string) => void​

Adds additional files to be monitored in watch mode so that changes to these files will trigger rebuilds. id can be an absolute path to a file or directory or a path relative to the current working directory. This context function can only be used in hooks during the build phase, i.e. in buildStart, load, resolveId, and transform.

Note: Usually in watch mode to improve rebuild speed, the transform hook will only be triggered for a given module if its contents actually changed. Using this.addWatchFile from within the transform hook will make sure the transform hook is also reevaluated for this module if the watched file changes.

In general, it is recommended to use this.addWatchFile from within the hook that depends on the watched file.

this.emitFile(emittedFile: EmittedChunk | EmittedAsset) => string​

Emits a new file that is included in the build output and returns a referenceId that can be used in various places to reference the emitted file. emittedFile can have one of two forms:

// EmittedChunk
{
  type: 'chunk',
  id: string,
  name?: string,
  fileName?: string,
  implicitlyLoadedAfterOneOf?: string[],
  importer?: string,
  preserveSignature?: 'strict' | 'allow-extension' | false,
}

// EmittedAsset
{
  type: 'asset',
  name?: string,
  fileName?: string,
  source?: string | Uint8Array
}

In both cases, either a name or a fileName can be supplied. If a fileName is provided, it will be used unmodified as the name of the generated file, throwing an error if this causes a conflict. Otherwise if a name is supplied, this will be used as substitution for [name] in the corresponding output.chunkFileNames or output.assetFileNames pattern, possibly adding a unique number to the end of the file name to avoid conflicts. If neither a name nor fileName is supplied, a default name will be used.

You can reference the URL of an emitted file in any code returned by a load or transform plugin hook via import.meta.ROLLUP_FILE_URL_referenceId. See File URLs for more details and an example.

The generated code that replaces import.meta.ROLLUP_FILE_URL_referenceId can be customized via the resolveFileUrl plugin hook. You can also use this.getFileName(referenceId) to determine the file name as soon as it is available

If the type is chunk, then this emits a new chunk with the given module id as entry point. To resolve it, the id will be passed through build hooks just like regular entry points, starting with resolveId. If an importer is provided, this acts as the second parameter of resolveId and is important to properly resolve relative paths. If it is not provided, paths will be resolved relative to the current working directory. If a value for preserveSignature is provided, this will override preserveEntrySignatures for this particular chunk.

This will not result in duplicate modules in the graph, instead if necessary, existing chunks will be split or a facade chunk with reexports will be created. Chunks with a specified fileName will always generate separate chunks while other emitted chunks may be deduplicated with existing chunks even if the name does not match. If such a chunk is not deduplicated, the output.chunkFileNames name pattern will be used.

By default, Rollup assumes that emitted chunks are executed independent of other entry points, possibly even before any other code is executed. This means that if an emitted chunk shares a dependency with an existing entry point, Rollup will create an additional chunk for dependencies that are shared between those entry points. Providing a non-empty array of module ids for implicitlyLoadedAfterOneOf will change that behaviour by giving Rollup additional information to prevent this in some cases. Those ids will be resolved the same way as the id property, respecting the importer property if it is provided. Rollup will now assume that the emitted chunk is only executed if at least one of the entry points that lead to one of the ids in implicitlyLoadedAfterOneOf being loaded has already been executed, creating the same chunks as if the newly emitted chunk was only reachable via dynamic import from the modules in implicitlyLoadedAfterOneOf. Here is an example that uses this to create a simple HTML file with several scripts, creating optimized chunks to respect their execution order:

// rollup.config.js
function generateHtml() {
  let ref1, ref2, ref3;
  return {
    buildStart() {
      ref1 = this.emitFile({
        type: 'chunk',
        id: 'src/entry1'
      });
      ref2 = this.emitFile({
        type: 'chunk',
        id: 'src/entry2',
        implicitlyLoadedAfterOneOf: ['src/entry1']
      });
      ref3 = this.emitFile({
        type: 'chunk',
        id: 'src/entry3',
        implicitlyLoadedAfterOneOf: ['src/entry2']
      });
    },
    generateBundle() {
      this.emitFile({type: 'asset', fileName: 'index.html', source: `
      <!DOCTYPE html>
      <html>
      <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
       </head>
      <body>
        <script src="${this.getFileName(ref1)}" type="module"></script>
        <script src="${this.getFileName(ref2)}" type="module"></script>
        <script src="${this.getFileName(ref3)}" type="module"></script>
      </body>
      </html>
      `})
    }
  };
}

export default {
  input: [],
  preserveEntrySignatures: false,
  plugins: [
    generateHtml(),
  ],
  output: {
    format: 'es',
    dir: 'dist'
  }
};

If there are no dynamic imports, this will create exactly three chunks where the first chunk contains all dependencies of src/entry1, the second chunk contains only the dependencies of src/entry2 that are not contained in the first chunk, importing those from the first chunk, and again the same for the third chunk.

Note that even though any module id can be used in implicitlyLoadedAfterOneOf, Rollup will throw an error if such an id cannot be uniquely associated with a chunk, e.g. because the id cannot be reached implicitly or explicitly from the existing static entry points, or because the file is completely tree-shaken. Using only entry points, either defined by the user or of previously emitted chunks, will always work, though.

If the type is asset, then this emits an arbitrary new file with the given source as content. It is possible to defer setting the source via this.setAssetSource(assetReferenceId, source) to a later time to be able to reference a file during the build phase while setting the source separately for each output during the generate phase. Assets with a specified fileName will always generate separate files while other emitted assets may be deduplicated with existing assets if they have the same source even if the name does not match. If such an asset is not deduplicated, the output.assetFileNames name pattern will be used.

this.error(error: string | Error, position?: number | { column: number; line: number }) => never​

Structurally equivalent to this.warn, except that it will also abort the bundling process.

this.getCombinedSourcemap() => SourceMap​

Get the combined source maps of all previous plugins. This context function can only be used in the transform plugin hook.

this.getFileName(referenceId: string) => string​

Get the file name of a chunk or asset that has been emitted via this.emitFile. The file name will be relative to outputOptions.dir.

this.getModuleIds() => IterableIterator<string>​

Returns an Iterator that gives access to all module ids in the current graph. It can be iterated via

for (const moduleId of this.getModuleIds()) { /* ... */ }

or converted into an Array via Array.from(this.getModuleIds()).

this.getModuleInfo(moduleId: string) => ModuleInfo​

Returns additional information about the module in question in the form

{
  id: string, // the id of the module, for convenience
  isEntry: boolean, // is this a user- or plugin-defined entry point
  isExternal: boolean, // for external modules that are referenced but not included in the graph
  importedIds: string[], // the module ids statically imported by this module
  importers: string[], // the ids of all modules that statically import this module
  dynamicallyImportedIds: string[], // the module ids imported by this module via dynamic import()
  dynamicImporters: string[], // the ids of all modules that import this module via dynamic import()
  implicitlyLoadedAfterOneOf: string[], // implicit relationships, declared via this.emitChunk
  implicitlyLoadedBefore: string[], // implicit relationships, declared via this.emitChunk
  hasModuleSideEffects: boolean // are imports of this module included if nothing is imported from it
}

If the module id cannot be found, an error is thrown.

this.meta: {rollupVersion: string, watchMode: boolean}​

An object containing potentially useful Rollup metadata:

  • rollupVersion: The currently running version of Rollup as define in package.json.
  • watchMode: true if Rollup was started via rollup.watch(...) or from the command line with --watch, false otherwise.

meta is the only context property accessible from the options hook.

this.parse(code: string, acornOptions?: AcornOptions) => ESTree.Program​

Use Rollup's internal acorn instance to parse code to an AST.

this.resolve(source: string, importer?: string, options?: {skipSelf: boolean}) => Promise<{id: string, external: boolean} | null>​

Resolve imports to module ids (i.e. file names) using the same plugins that Rollup uses, and determine if an import should be external. If null is returned, the import could not be resolved by Rollup or any plugin but was not explicitly marked as external by the user.

If you pass skipSelf: true, then the resolveId hook of the plugin from which this.resolve is called will be skipped when resolving.

this.setAssetSource(assetReferenceId: string, source: string | Uint8Array) => void​

Set the deferred source of an asset. Note that you can also pass a Node Buffer as source as it is a sub-class of Uint8Array.

this.warn(warning: string | RollupWarning, position?: number | { column: number; line: number }) => void​

Using this method will queue warnings for a build. These warnings will be printed by the CLI just like internally generated warnings (except with the plugin name), or captured by custom onwarn handlers.

The warning argument can be a string or an object with (at minimum) a message property:

this.warn( 'hmm...' );
// is equivalent to
this.warn({ message: 'hmm...' });

Use the second form if you need to add additional properties to your warning object. Rollup will augment the warning object with a plugin property containing the plugin name, code (PLUGIN_WARNING) and id (the file being transformed) properties.

The position argument is a character index where the warning was raised. If present, Rollup will augment the warning object with pos, loc (a standard { file, line, column } object) and frame (a snippet of code showing the error).

Deprecated Context Functions​

☢️ These context utility functions have been deprecated and may be removed in a future Rollup version.

  • this.emitAsset(assetName: string, source: string) => string - Use this.emitFile - Emits a custom file that is included in the build output, returning an assetReferenceId that can be used to reference the emitted file. You can defer setting the source if you provide it later via this.setAssetSource(assetReferenceId, source). A string or Uint8Array/Buffer source must be set for each asset through either method or an error will be thrown on generate completion.

    Emitted assets will follow the output.assetFileNames naming scheme. You can reference the URL of the file in any code returned by a load or transform plugin hook via import.meta.ROLLUP_ASSET_URL_assetReferenceId.

    The generated code that replaces import.meta.ROLLUP_ASSET_URL_assetReferenceId can be customized via the resolveFileUrl plugin hook. Once the asset has been finalized during generate, you can also use this.getFileName(assetReferenceId) to determine the file name.

  • this.emitChunk(moduleId: string, options?: {name?: string}) => string - Use this.emitFile - Emits a new chunk with the given module as entry point. This will not result in duplicate modules in the graph, instead if necessary, existing chunks will be split. It returns a chunkReferenceId that can be used to later access the generated file name of the chunk.

    Emitted chunks will follow the output.chunkFileNames, output.entryFileNames naming scheme. If a name is provided, this will be used for the [name] file name placeholder, otherwise the name will be derived from the file name. If a name is provided, this name must not conflict with any other entry point names unless the entry points reference the same entry module. You can reference the URL of the emitted chunk in any code returned by a load or transform plugin hook via import.meta.ROLLUP_CHUNK_URL_chunkReferenceId.

    The generated code that replaces import.meta.ROLLUP_CHUNK_URL_chunkReferenceId can be customized via the resolveFileUrl plugin hook. Once the chunk has been rendered during generate, you can also use this.getFileName(chunkReferenceId) to determine the file name.

  • this.getAssetFileName(assetReferenceId: string) => string - Use this.getFileName - Get the file name of an asset, according to the assetFileNames output option pattern. The file name will be relative to outputOptions.dir.

  • this.getChunkFileName(chunkReferenceId: string) => string - Use this.getFileName - Get the file name of an emitted chunk. The file name will be relative to outputOptions.dir.

  • this.isExternal(id: string, importer: string | undefined, isResolved: boolean) => boolean - Use this.resolve - Determine if a given module ID is external when imported by importer. When isResolved is false, Rollup will try to resolve the id before testing if it is external.

  • this.moduleIds: IterableIterator<string> - Use this.getModuleIds - An Iterator that gives access to all module ids in the current graph. It can be iterated via

    for (const moduleId of this.moduleIds) { /* ... */ }

    or converted into an Array via Array.from(this.moduleIds).

  • this.resolveId(source: string, importer?: string) => Promise<string | null> - Use this.resolve - Resolve imports to module ids (i.e. file names) using the same plugins that Rollup uses. Returns null if an id cannot be resolved.

File URLs​

To reference a file URL reference from within JS code, use the import.meta.ROLLUP_FILE_URL_referenceId replacement. This will generate code that depends on the output format and generates a URL that points to the emitted file in the target environment. Note that all formats except CommonJS and UMD assume that they run in a browser environment where URL and document are available.

The following example will detect imports of .svg files, emit the imported files as assets, and return their URLs to be used e.g. as the src attribute of an img tag:

// plugin
export default function svgResolverPlugin () {
  return ({
    resolveId(source, importer) {
      if (source.endsWith('.svg')) {
        return path.resolve(path.dirname(importer), source);
      }
    },
    load(id) {
      if (id.endsWith('.svg')) {
        const referenceId = this.emitFile({
          type: 'asset',
          name: path.basename(id),
          source: fs.readFileSync(id)
        });
        return `export default import.meta.ROLLUP_FILE_URL_${referenceId};`;
      }
    }
  });
}

Usage:

import logo from '../images/logo.svg';
const image = document.createElement('img');
image.src = logo;
document.body.appendChild(image);

Similar to assets, emitted chunks can be referenced from within JS code via import.meta.ROLLUP_FILE_URL_referenceId as well.

The following example will detect imports prefixed with register-paint-worklet: and generate the necessary code and separate chunk to generate a CSS paint worklet. Note that this will only work in modern browsers and will only work if the output format is set to es.

// plugin
const REGISTER_WORKLET = 'register-paint-worklet:';
export default function paintWorkletPlugin () {
  return ({
    load(id) {
      if (id.startsWith(REGISTER_WORKLET)) {
        return `CSS.paintWorklet.addModule(import.meta.ROLLUP_FILE_URL_${this.emitFile({
          type: 'chunk',
          id: id.slice(REGISTER_WORKLET.length)
        })});`;
      }
    },
    resolveId(source, importer) {
      // We remove the prefix, resolve everything to absolute ids and add the prefix again
      // This makes sure that you can use relative imports to define worklets
      if (source.startsWith(REGISTER_WORKLET)) {
        return this.resolve(source.slice(REGISTER_WORKLET.length), importer).then(
          resolvedId => REGISTER_WORKLET + resolvedId.id
        );
      }
      return null;
    }
  });
}

Usage:

// main.js
import 'register-paint-worklet:./worklet.js';
import { color, size } from './config.js';
document.body.innerHTML += `<h1 style="background-image: paint(vertical-lines);">color: ${color}, size: ${size}</h1>`;

// worklet.js
import { color, size } from './config.js';
registerPaint(
  'vertical-lines',
  class {
    paint(ctx, geom) {
      for (let x = 0; x < geom.width / size; x++) {
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.fillStyle = color;
        ctx.rect(x * size, 0, 2, geom.height);
        ctx.fill();
      }
    }
  }
);

// config.js
export const color = 'greenyellow';
export const size = 6;

If you build this code, both the main chunk and the worklet will share the code from config.js via a shared chunk. This enables us to make use of the browser cache to reduce transmitted data and speed up loading the worklet.

Transformers​

Transformer plugins (i.e. those that return a transform function for e.g. transpiling non-JS files) should support options.include and options.exclude, both of which can be a minimatch pattern or an array of minimatch patterns. If options.include is omitted or of zero length, files should be included by default; otherwise they should only be included if the ID matches one of the patterns.

The transform hook, if returning an object, can also include an ast property. Only use this feature if you know what you're doing. Note that only the last AST in a chain of transforms will be used (and if there are transforms, any ASTs generated by the load hook will be discarded for the transformed modules.)

Example Transformer​

(Use @rollup/pluginutils for commonly needed functions, and to implement a transformer in the recommended manner.)

import { createFilter } from '@rollup/pluginutils';

export default function myPlugin ( options = {} ) {
  const filter = createFilter( options.include, options.exclude );

  return {
    transform ( code, id ) {
      if ( !filter( id ) ) return;

      // proceed with the transformation...
      return {
        code: generatedCode,
        map: generatedSourceMap
      };
    }
  };
}

Source Code Transformations​

If a plugin transforms source code, it should generate a sourcemap automatically, unless there's a specific sourceMap: false option. Rollup only cares about the mappings property (everything else is handled automatically). If it doesn't make sense to generate a sourcemap, (e.g. rollup-plugin-string), return an empty sourcemap:

return {
  code: transformedCode,
  map: { mappings: '' }
};

If the transformation does not move code, you can preserve existing sourcemaps by returning null:

return {
  code: transformedCode,
  map: null
};

If you create a plugin that you think would be useful to others, please publish it to NPM and add submit it to https://github.com/rollup/awesome!